The human spine consists of three main regions: the lumbar spine – corresponding to the lower back, the thoracic spine – corresponding to the middle of the back, and the cervical spine – corresponding to the neck.
Middle back pain occurs in the thoracic spine, covering 12 vertebrae labelled T1 to T12.
Below we will be covering some of the main factors that may lead to pain in the middle back.
Causes
Common causes of pain in this region of the back include:
- Overuse of muscles and ligaments through daily activities and exercise can lead to muscle soreness and pain.
- A sprain or strain that most often occurs as a result of a sports injury.
- Spinal disorders such as spinal stenosis, herniated discs, thoracic kyphosis and others.
- Poor posture while sitting, standing, or laying down. Having your spine be held in an unfavourable position for prolonged periods of time can slowly alter its shape, leading to spinal compression.
- Lack of physical activity can lead to the weakening of the muscles that support the spine, forcing the spinal column compensate for the lack of support by bearing some of the pressure that was supposed to be carried by the muscles.
- Mechanical injuries of the spine. These commonly appear in people who work in environments that require frequent heavy lifting and bending of the back.
- Being overweight can place extra pressure on the vertebral column, as it has to support additional weight.
- Compression of the spinal vertebrae, which can result in altered spinal structures.
The factors mentioned above, apart from the spinal disorders may unnecessarily put pressure on the spinal column, having to compensate for the lack of adequate support from other structures. Addressing pain in the middle back starts with recognising which main factors lead to the sufferer experiencing symptoms, so that they can be addressed accordingly.
However, some less common factors, but more severe factors include:
- Spinal cord injury
- Having suffered a car accident that has had a damaging effect on the spine
Symptoms to look out for
Pain in the middle of the back pain occur by itself, or sometimes both upper and middle back pain may occur together, meaning that apart from pain in the thoracic spine, there is also neck pain that the sufferer experiences.
When the pain or discomfort is caused by something more severe, such as the last two causes mentioned in the previous section, issues such as pain that extends to other pats of the body (especially to the rib cage), as well as loss of bowel and/or bladder control may appear. If a sufferer experiences a latter, he/she should seek medical advice as soon as possible, as this issue can severely impair one’s health and quality of life.
Treatment options
Before you treat middle back pain, it is best to have a confirmation of the exact cause of your symptoms, as this can influence the type and length of the treatment plan.
In a lot of cases, back pain tends to go away on its own as it is not caused by anything serious, and there is no need for any medical treatments as a result.
However, if the pain persists or is accompanied by other issues, some of the following approaches may be useful in treating pain in the thoracic spine:
- Rest your back if the pain has been caused by muscle overuse, as is the case with post-workout muscle soreness
- Take some over-the-counter pain relievers to temporarily manage the pain
- Get physical therapy to help strengthen and re-mobilise the spine
- Try to achieve a healthy weight to reduce unnecessary pressure on the spine
Perform spinal decompression exercises with the help of a spinal decompression device, to relieve pain in the middle back and prevent it from re-occurring
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